Factores socioambientales asociados a la persistencia del dengue y otras enfermedades transmitidas por vectores en comunidades de alta prevalencia de la zona sur de Manabí
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61616/rvdc.v7i2.1810Palavras-chave:
Aedes aegypti, cambio climático, educación comunitaria, perfil epidemiológico, salud públicaResumo
Las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores se encuentran entre las principales preocupaciones de salud pública en todo el mundo y equivalen al 17% de los trastornos infecciosos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los factores socioambientales asociados a la persistencia del dengue y otras enfermedades transmitidas por vectores en comunidades de alta prevalencia a través de un análisis sistemático de la literatura actual con base en la metodología PRISMA 2020, implicando estudios primarios publicados en bases de datos reconocidas como MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library y Google Scholar entre 2021 a 2026. Los resultados mostraron que la región latinoamericana presenta las mayores prevalencias del virus del dengue, chikungunya, zika y malaria, siendo Colombia y Ecuador los países más afectados. Las temperaturas altas, residir en zonas montosas, rurales, el cambio climático repentino y las lluvias torrenciales son los factores socioambientales más frecuentes. Por último, el estudio entomólogo de vectores, la educación comunitaria, el desarrollo tratamientos y la fumigación recurrente son las medidas de prevención efectivas contra estas patologías. Se concluye que las enfermedades transmitidas tienen un impacto radical en países en desarrollo y solo el trabajo en equipo de instituciones sanitarias y educativas podrían reducir su impacto.
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