Biomarcadores moleculares inflamatorios asociados al síndrome metabólico en personas con diabetes: revisión documental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61616/rvdc.v7i2.1807Palavras-chave:
biomarcadores inflamatorios, diabetes mellitus, síndrome metabólico, inflamación, técnicas de laboratorioResumo
El objetivo fue analizar los biomarcadores moleculares inflamatorios asociados al síndrome metabólico en personas con diabetes, los componentes metabólicos evaluados y las técnicas utilizadas para su determinación. Se realizó una revisión documental descriptiva de 30 estudios publicados entre 2022 y 2026, organizados en tres ejes de análisis. Se extrajeron autor, año, país, diseño, biomarcadores, componentes metabólicos y métodos analíticos; la síntesis se efectuó mediante frecuencias de reporte y comparación narrativa. La proteína C reactiva y su medición ultrasensible fue el marcador mencionado con mayor frecuencia, seguida de adiponectina, factor de necrosis tumoral alfa e interleucina 6. Los componentes predominantes fueron obesidad central, hiperglucemia, hipertensión, hipertrigliceridemia y colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad bajo. ELISA fue la técnica específica más reiterada, junto con inmunoturbidimetría, quimioluminiscencia y plataformas multiplex. Los hallazgos respaldan la utilidad complementaria de los biomarcadores inflamatorios para caracterizar el riesgo cardiometabólico, aunque la heterogeneidad metodológica limita su aplicación clínica uniforme.
Referências
Amin, M., Kerr, D., Atiase, Y., Aldwikat, R. K., & Driscoll, A. (2023). Effect of physical activity on metabolic syndrome markers in adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports, 11, 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11050101
Aminorroaya, A., Oikonomou, E. K., Biswas, D., Jastreboff, A. M., & Khera, R. (2025). Effects of tirzepatide in type 2 diabetes: Individual variation and relationship to cardiometabolic outcomes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 85, 1858-1872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2025.03.516
Bang, J., Lee, S. A., Koh, G., & Yoo, S. (2023). Association of glucagon to insulin ratio and metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12, 5806. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185806
Bianchi, J., Duarte, F. O., Camillo, L., Godoy, K. F., Rodolpho, J. M. A., Fragelli, B. D. L., et al. (2025). Cluster analysis reveals distinct inflammatory phenotypes in cardiometabolic disease. Cardiovascular Diabetology - Endocrinology Reports, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40842-025-00227-7
Bonam, V. R., Sreedevi, A. R., & Manjunath, D. D. (2022). Linking inflammatory mediators and indicators of insulin resistance in anthropometry-specified type 2 diabetic males. Bioinformation, 18, 998-1004. https://doi.org/10.6026/97320630018998
Çelik, S. P., Parıltı, D. N., Açık, L., Yalçın, M. M., Yetkin, İ., & Yunusov, E. (2024). NAMPT, IL-6, and vaspin gene expressions and serum protein levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus and related complication. Turkish Journal of Biology, 48, 133. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0152.2688
Fajkić, A., Jahić, R., Begić, E., Dervišević, A., Kurtović, A., & Lepara, O. (2024a). Complete blood count inflammation-derived indexes as predictors of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Technology and Health Care, 32, 2321-2330. https://doi.org/10.3233/THC-231101
Fajkić, A., Jahić, R., Ejubović, M., Đešević, M., Ejubović, A. J., & Lepara, O. (2024b). The trend of changes in adiponectin, resistin, and adiponectin-resistin index values in type 2 diabetic patients with the development of metabolic syndrome. Medicina, 60, 1795. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60111795
Gameil, M. A., Elsherbiny, H. A., Youssry, I. E., Gawad, S. A., & Arafat, A. A. E. H. (2023). Potential impact of epicardial fat thickness, pentraxin-3, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein on the risk of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 22, 735-742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-023-01195-4
Gupta, R., Shivashankar, R., Kondal, D., Gokulakrishnan, K., Patel, S. A., Ali, M. K., et al. (2024). Association of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines and hepatokine with incident diabetes in India: A nested case-control study within the CARRS cohort. Acta Diabetologica, 61, 577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-023-02229-2
Hamedi-Shahraki, S., Klisic, A., Amirkhizi, F., & Mercantepe, F. (2026a). Association of the triglyceride-glucose index with inflammatory markers and dysregulation of adipokines in patients with metabolic syndrome. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-02142-5
Hamedi-Shahraki, S., Moradi, M., Mercantepe, F., Amirkhizi, F., & Klisic, A. (2026b). Principal component analysis of adipokine, metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory markers associated with insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-59627-z
Hatif, Z. S., Abbassi, H. A., Mohammed, H. R., Alghurabi, H., & Ben Othman, R. (2025). Impact of antidiabetic medications on inflammatory markers and adiponectin levels: A cross-sectional study in Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes. The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine, 37, 139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-025-00529-3
Hematyar, J., Rashidi, H., Zakerkish, M., Payami, S. P., & Ghaderian, S. B. (2022). Effect of sitagliptin versus glibenclamide on glycemic markers, lipid profile, inflammatory and oxidative stress factors in type 2 diabetes patients: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Maedica, 17. https://doi.org/10.26574/maedica.2022.17.4.762
Jhuma, K. A., Giasuddin, A. S., & Hossain, M. S. (2023). Status of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) in newly diagnosed Bangladeshi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mymensingh Medical Journal, 32, 1149-1155.
Kordas, B., Banach, J., & Juranek, J. K. (2026). Cytokine profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes across different durations of the disease: An exploratory cross-sectional study. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 48, 651. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48070651
Kumari, S., Kataria, D. K., Kumari, S., Rani, R., Ahuja, N., Partab, F., et al. (2024). Metabolic syndrome frequency in type 2 diabetics using International Diabetes Federation criteria analysis. Cureus, 16. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.59118
Li, W., Liu, X., Liu, L., Zhang, L., Li, M., Liu, R., et al. (2022). Relationships of serum bone turnover markers with metabolic syndrome components and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.824561
Mahdavi-Roshan, M., Shoaibinobarian, N., Noormohammadi, M., Mousavi, A. F., Rakhsh, A. S., & Salari, A. (2022). Inflammatory markers and atherogenic coefficient: Early markers of metabolic syndrome. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 20. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem-127445
Mbota, C. F., Ojong, E. W., Ufuan, A. A., & Tambe, A. B. (2026). Prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Buea Health District, South West Region, Cameroon. Pan African Medical Journal, 53. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2026.53.88.46412
Noubiap, J. J., Nansseu, J. R., Nyaga, U. F., Ndoadoumgue, A. L., Ngouo, A. T., Tounouga, D. N., Tianyi, F.-L., Foka, A. J., Lontchi-Yimagou, E., Nkeck, J. R., & Bigna, J. J. (2025). Worldwide trends in metabolic syndrome from 2000 to 2023: A systematic review and modelling analysis. Nature Communications, 17, 573. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67268-5
Okdahl, T., Wegeberg, A. M., Pociot, F., Brock, B., Størling, J., & Brock, C. (2022). Low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study from a Danish diabetes outpatient clinic. BMJ Open, 12. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062188
Ren, Y., Chen, Y., Zheng, W., Kong, W., Liao, Y., Zhang, J., et al. (2025). The effect of GLP- 1 receptor agonists on circulating inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 27, 3607-3626. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.16366
Sánchez-Ortí, J. V., Balanzá-Martínez, V., Correa-Ghisays, P., Selva-Vera, G., Vila-Francés, J., Magdalena-Benedito, R., et al. (2022). Specific metabolic syndrome components predict cognition and social functioning in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe mental disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 146, 215-226. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13433
Shang, Y., Grip, E. T., Modica, A., Skröder, H., Ström, O., Ntanios, F., et al. (2024). Metabolic syndrome traits increase the risk of major adverse liver outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 47, 978-985. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-1937
Shaw, S. K., Sengupta, S., Jha, R., Pattanaik, C., Behera, H., Barik, P. K., et al. (2025). Meta-inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Unveiling the role of aberrant CD4+ T cells and pro-inflammatory cytokine networks. Frontiers in Immunology, 16, 1603484. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1603484
van Heck, J. I. P., Ajie, M., Joosten, L. A. B., Tack, C. J., & Stienstra, R. (2025). Circulating inflammatory proteins are elevated in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and associated with complications. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 27, 719-728. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.16066
Villegas, P. A., Tene, D., & Pedreáñez, A. (2025). Índices inflamatorios derivados del hemograma y su asociación con el control glucémico en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Horizonte Médico, 25, e4155. https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2025.v25n4.08
Vlacho, B., Molló Iniesta, À., Gratacòs, M., Mata-Cases, M., Rubinat, E., Berenguera, A., et al. (2024). Effectiveness of a multicomponent healthcare intervention on blood pressure and lipids among subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: Findings from the INTEGRA study. Primary Care Diabetes, 18, 402-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2024.05.001
World Health Organization. (2024, November 14). Diabetes. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes
Wołoszyn-Durkiewicz, A., Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ, D., Świętoń, D., Kujawa, M. J., Jankowska, A., Durawa, A., et al. (2024). The complex network of cytokines and chemokines in pediatric patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25, 1565. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031565
Xin, S., Zhang, X., Zhao, X., & Sun, J. (2026). The predictive value of surrogate insulin resistance indices for type 2 diabetes complicated with metabolic syndrome: A retrospective study based on hospitalized patients in China. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1782071
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2026 Carlos Pedro Marcillo Carvajal, Patric Jaren Manrique Alay, Aldo Billy Arteaga Quimis, Waleska Zuley Mero Quijije
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
