Inmunoserological or molecular diagnosis of prevalent infectious disesaes in urban populations of the Jipijapa canton

Resumo

Infectious diseases represent a major public health challenge due to their rapid transmission within populations. They are primarily caused by viruses, which replicate within host cells, and bacteria, which are capable of independent multiplication and causing infection. The objective of this study was to determine the immunoserological or molecular diagnosis of prevalent infectious diseases among urban populations in the canton of Jipijapa.A descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted using a stratified probabilistic sampling method. The study included 52 adults, equally distributed between men (50%; n = 26) and women (50%; n = 26), who were selected according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.The socioeconomic analysis revealed that 53.8% (n = 28) of participants had a monthly income ranging from USD 100 to 300, 59.6% (n = 31) worked between 20 and 40 hours per week, and 57.7% (n = 30) had completed secondary education. In addition, home ownership was reported by 76.9% (n = 40) of participants. From a sociodemographic perspective, the sample comprised an equal proportion of men and women, with the highest representation in the 45–59-year age group (53.85%; n = 28), while 69.3% (n = 36) were married. Regarding viral infections, no cases of dengue or rotavirus were detected (0%), whereas adenovirus infection was identified in 3.84% (n = 2) of participants. Among bacterial infections, no cases of Salmonella spp. were detected, while Helicobacter pylori infection was identified in 26.9% (n = 14) of the study population, with a prevalence of 15.4% among women and 11.5% among men. Finally, all participants (100%) received preventive health education, with the highest participation reported in the San Vicente (36.6%) and Dr. Miguel Morán Lucio (32.7%) health sectors. In conclusion, a low prevalence of infectious diseases was observed in the study population. Therefore, the continued implementation and strengthening of disease prevention, health education, and epidemiological surveillance strategies are recommended to maintain favorable public health outcomes.