Utilidade de biomarcadores laboratoriais clínicos na detecção precoce de alterações renais em pacientes com diabetes mellitus e hipertensão arterial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61616/rvdc.v7i1.1284Palavras-chave:
doença renal, biomarcador, microalbuminúria, cistatina cResumo
A doença renal crônica tem um impacto significativo na saúde pública, com altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. A maioria dos pacientes diabéticos e hipertensos desenvolve doença renal ao longo da vida. Em países menos desenvolvidos, sua prevalência está aumentando. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a utilidade de biomarcadores laboratoriais clínicos na detecção precoce de anormalidades renais em pacientes com diabetes mellitus e hipertensão. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se em uma revisão descritiva da literatura por meio de uma busca sistemática em bases de dados científicas como PubMed, SciELO, Elsevier e Google Scholar. Selecionamos estudos publicados nos últimos cinco anos que avaliaram biomarcadores tradicionais e emergentes relacionados a lesão renal. Os resultados permitiram identificar que biomarcadores tradicionais, como creatinina sérica, taxa de filtração glomerular estimada e microalbuminúria, continuam sendo amplamente utilizados, embora apresentem sensibilidade limitada nos estágios iniciais da doença. Por outro lado, biomarcadores emergentes como a cistatina C, NGAL, KIM-1, MCP-1 e nefrina demonstraram maior capacidade de identificar lesões renais precoces, mesmo antes do aparecimento de alterações detectáveis por marcadores convencionais. Em conclusão, as evidências disponíveis sugerem que os biomarcadores emergentes oferecem vantagens diagnósticas para a detecção precoce de lesões renais em populações de alto risco, embora sejam necessários estudos prospectivos e padronizados para validar sua incorporação rotineira na prática clínica
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Copyright (c) 2026 Lidia Fernanda Jijón Cañarte, Andrea Genesis Pisco Merchan, Cruz Angeline Suarez Medina, Aura Geanella Pico Suarez
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
